Trong bài này, sachphotos.com sẽ đưa cho các bạn bản dịch & giải thích Cambridge IELTS test 4 passage 1 – The secret of staying young.
Việc luyện test IELTS mà có phần dịch + giải thích chi tiết, sẽ giúp các bạn tự học rất tốt nhé. Trong sách gốc của nó thì chỉ có kết quả thôi, chứ hoàn toàn không có giải thích chi tiết cũng như phần dịch song ngữ tiếng việt nè.
Tham khảo: bộ sách Cambridge IELTS 8-15: Dịch & giải thích chi tiết.
Contents
Cambridge 14 – Test 1: The secret of staying young: Dịch chi tiết
THE SECRET OF STAYING YOUNG
BÍ MẬT NÍU GIỮ TUỔI XUÂN
Pheidole dentata, a native ant of the south-eastern U.S., isn’t immortal. But scientists have found that it doesn’t seem to show any signs of aging. Old worker ants can do everything just as well as the youngsters, and their brains appear just as sharp. ‘We get a picture that these ants really don’t decline,’ says Ysabel Giraldo, who studied the ants for her doctoral thesis at Boston University.
Such age-defying feats are rare in the animal kingdom. Naked mole rats can live for almost 30 years and stay fit for nearly their entire lives. They can still reproduce even when old, and they never get cancer. But the vast majority of animals deteriorate with age just like people do. Like the naked mole rat, ants are social creatures that usually live in highly organised colonies. ‘It’s this social complexity that makes P. dentata useful for studying aging in people,’ says Giraldo, now at the California Institute of Technology. Humans are also highly social, a trait that has been connected to healthier aging. By contrast, most animal studies of aging use mice, worms or fruit flies, which all lead much more isolated lives.
In the lab, P. dentata worker ants typically live for around 140 days. Giraldo focused on ants at four age ranges: 20 to 22 days, 45 to 47 days, 95 to 97 days and 120 to 122 days. Unlike all previous studies, which only estimated how old the ants were, her work tracked the ants from the time the pupae became adults, so she knew their exact ages. Then she put them through a range of tests.
In the lab, P. dentata worker ants typically live for around 140 days. Giraldo focused on ants at four age ranges: 20 to 22 days, 45 to 47 days, 95 to 97 days and 120 to 122 days. Unlike all previous studies, which only estimated how old the ants were, her work tracked the ants from the time the pupae became adults, so she knew their exact ages. Then she put them through a range of tests.
Then Giraldo compared the brains of 20-day-old and 95-day-old ants, identifying any cells that were close to death. She saw no major differences with age, nor was there any difference in the location of the dying cells, showing that age didn’t seem to affect specific brain functions. Ants and other insects have structures in their brains called mushroom bodies, which are important for processing information, learning and memory. She also wanted to see if aging affects the density of synaptic complexes within these structures—regions where neurons come together. Again, the answer was no. What was more, the old ants didn’t experience any drop in the levels of either serotonin or dopamine—brain chemicals whose decline often coincides with aging. In humans, for example, a decrease in serotonin has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
‘This is the first time anyone has looked at both behavioral and neural changes in these ants so thoroughly,’ says Giraldo, who recently published the findings in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B. Scientists have looked at some similar aspects in bees, but the results of recent bee studies were mixed—some studies showed age-related declines, which biologists call senescence, and others didn’t. ‘For now, the study raises more questions than it answers,’ Giraldo says, ‘including how P. dentata stays in such good shape.’
Also, if the ants don’t deteriorate with age, why do they die at all? Out in the wild, the ants probably don’t live for a full 140 days thanks to predators, disease and just being in an environment that’s much harsher than the comforts of the lab. ‘The lucky ants that do live into old age may suffer a steep decline just before dying,’ Giraldo says, but she can’t say for sure because her study wasn’t designed to follow an ant’s final moments.
‘It will be important to extend these findings to other species of social insects,’ says Gene E. Robinson, an entomologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This ant might be unique, or it might represent a broader pattern among other social bugs with possible clues to the science of aging in larger animals. Either way, it seems that for these ants, age really doesn’t matter.
Để tải 1 mình phần dịch tiếng việt thôi, thì các bạn vào link sau để tải The secret of staying young dịch tiếng việt nhé <3
Với việc dịch bài THE SECRET OF STAYING YOUNG của phần passage 1 cambridge 14 này, các bạn sẽ dễ nắm từ vựng hơn rất nhiều đó nhé.
IELTS Cambridge 14 Test 4 – Giải thích chi tiết
Headline: The secret of staying young
Question 1-8: (Completing notes with ONE WORD ONLY)
Để có thể xem được test, thì tốt nhất các bạn nên có sách để luyện ha.
No. | Câu hỏi | Đáp Án | Giải thích chi tiết |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Question 1: Focused on a total of _________ different age groups of ants, analysing | four / 4 |
– The answer is in paragraph no. 3 in the very beginning in lines 1-2, “In the lab, P. dentata worker ants typically live for around 140 days. Giraldo focused on ants at four age ranges: 20 to 22 days, 45 to 47 days, 95 to 97 days and 120 to 122 days.” So, the answer is: four / 4 |
2 |
|
young |
– The answer is in the first line of paragraph no. 4, “Giraldo watched how well the ants took care of the young of the colony, .. . ..” – Here, took care = looked after – So, the answer is: young |
3 | their ability to locate ___________ using a scent trail | food |
– The answer is found in lines 2-3 of paragraph no. 4, “.. ..She compared how well 20-day-old and 95-day-old ants followed the telltale scent that the insects usually leave to mark a trail to food.” – Here, mark = locate, how well = their ability, |
4 | the effect that _______ had on them | light |
– The answer can be found in lines 3-4 of paragraph no. 4, “She tested how ants responded to light . .. .” – Here, how ants responded = the effect ..…. had on them – So, the answer is: light |
5 | how _________ they attacked prey | aggressively |
– The answer is in the last lines of paragraph no. 4, “.. ..And when it came to reacting to prey, the older ants attacked the poor fruit fly just as aggressively as the young ones did, .. ….” – Here, attacked the poor fruit fly = attacked prey |
6 | increased ……………… in schools | location |
– Paragraph no. 5 talks about the research on ants’ brains. Here, in lines 1-3, the author says, “Then Giraldo compared the brains of 20-day-old and 95-day-old ants, identifying any cells that were close to death. She saw no major differences with age, nor was there any difference in the location of the dying cells, .. ..” – So, the comparison was between ants’ age and location. – So, the answer is: location |
7 | condition of synaptic complexes (areas in which _______ meet) in the brain’s ‘mushroom bodies’ | neurons |
|
8 | level of two ________ in the brain associated with ageing | chemicals |
|
Đây là bản giải thích tiếng anh, tuy nhiên sachphotos.com cũng có gửi cho các bạn bản dịch & giải thích chi tiết bằng tiếng việt của tất cả sách Cambridge IELTS 6-15 nhé.
Vì phần giải thích khá dài, nên sachphotos.com sẽ không chia sẻ cụ thể ở đây ha. Bạn nào đặt bộ Cambridge IELTS bên ad sẽ gửi cho các bạn hoàn toàn miễn phí để học nhé.